Preliminary Class Business
(continued from last class) Mapping Literature
1. Encoding Literature
- Practical question: How can texts be encoded to make them usable in the age of computers? (see Geoffrey Rockwell, "What is Text Analysis?")
- Larger question: What is text in the age of data?
- Foundational (historical) question: What is text?
(Link to Yin Liu article)
2. The Modernization of Text
- "Blob" (Binary Large Object)
À + " ÿÄ ¸ !1AQa"2q‘¡±ÁBR#Ñbr3Ⴒsð’¢ÂCSc$4%5³ñ҃ⓣTt&Ãd6D !1AQqa"2‘±r¡ÁB3ðÑ‚Rb#áñCsƒcÿÚ ? ã “kVœl®¼«"Ö7£1¤·Š½²L’ÉÇ·æ/Æ¥ÓpãÊËŽŸÒÍŒœvß"Ž‡dÝK1û \ÔaÁÈLIT‰ $)$m˜H6^áfKˆþxX©#ì#ÛP+žd’eÈsºà#ááz¨(JP¤ªØ¶àñ¨é@Èr§ScOVGØ^×¾Š;ûjª¥‰¸E˜ÞB{M]QE¡G*uÕBHã³–Ø©Å58ª$=Eú¼£èèKåÊóèµêDÄezáY}ÎTó+‹QVwS„É‘„à]cKw_…hÖ_TÍýV#¿òYŠÉìÓêã\ÊqŽŒÚ¾åÜÄù¼ÓMß”£áqr-]—ͻۃe±àF+‘”p÷ÖÜ+ÑæÔV£J{T”xE=«X"HÚœSÚœSB¨—þ];ݾ¥®º|M‘`d ó@¨ÿ Õ ƒô×)ý<ÆßR×s*ÿ Ëà§ü!õ-ý+®âS‹7Ñ£C¥³,f7aþcTLãh¤à¬ ov•q7&Ü+Š1ž§O#Q\•Ïu¼`ó+pYÔÂç÷¸¡ø×C'*Ìê™±¥|àoOâ]EtpZ,Ž^E)˜=:_#ÿ ¶]oø×ÂÕ‘›†îدõ[QG;ì›Ö^i€ìÝá|j=Z!/ Wmÿ {Š×asAýG4IòãJ|Λ ýà@5Éã7üŒ‹ÿ ôkb|®‰•Œ5xÂΣ¹Mœ|+F;//SýZâ¿ÛÊÖÒwqònã‡úTO5tyàö¦7t·øï®r?0®—*2ß-¤ido~÷"R3³†Ÿ‰OË9âü%\{†´CÆŸk‚ìEï}vý•—Ò€Áërb#]ýÖ´²2º|S”’é–Iσ¯Úåâô}Äu;yâÿ n™e*TõéXܪ–ƆOÓ¢ê5yû ¿„~Ú¿Ñ’r!Ï)Ú=œÏ¸U½Q`‹áãk‘·2ñ±µÖ¹~âÓjчÙñú]µyx%€³ú«LWá#½nCº§"$ÄX÷ÕXxbÚÈE‰ì”UiÅĨ¥û™u÷*Ëöx¿Ž®[ÿ Uº„âû3wd7ÕC#ç¤Ê;'?UQO‡+}lçæοJ"5÷hié¯g·o×RQ›_ˆÔªW°ï¦¢q°XŒM…þ4©ê…KÇoáö=ס¸¤“:)ÚXÆÜè9¦hßÒèEÓ´÷û¨—1ê2™ê-«`¦i7F$ôȰе_¶¦Ø¢ëéyIZ2XK),«¨FãôR‰ÙÁ‰4cv‘»7ØwÔo,ÖAr¤Ù¤c«æÚ¼ªèÊï) òÛ°Ú¢µ‡>]í*#YF«:ª‹Ckû*Ç}ºÒ㘞•2HÄܪOçë¥,n6Ü Ikgmi¡”K)f˜´„ÜÙn?MX¶QxõUÓMxqË8èœwqÝzQÊÆÄ)³q[Á¯ÆÝõ+)e5¢Ðc"˜Gå™; ¿žÊ|Y=_Ê–û…É{hSñU/,CòÀ28-½T ¹Ôž§ŒŒÑú…Œe…À6± xÞ¥¼J¹ÊñdF—ÔÛm£jjtNVI¶EדŽ"‹hM£M¼A7·¼Ô=h#K‚{ÜßsV¡Û™è¹2tÌQ–x„ÇsZÅR>joÏUuÿ £¾¤qvv£†hÖ6Ø̬¶bÅÇe£/£Jïù¸üÈÛPÃú;k-¶Nθãí6šÚ°´fhª"`B[{*°èdPâïâKq¸½(³qs´Z07ôÉñQ¥U×kn;[™¸î«VVËÌÏk®~ESE#¹!C„ÔÁnÓX’9“–¸uU<«¢cÞ[pYøÛÙ\¸f%ø³®¹ùª³GG¥A_R ×¹‰¬ÃžÖ:ot¬¨X¼*àªp<,Hí®v6#Ö¶»ßÜTŠ;¥8(¿– Ï Ý¶Úø{ÏŽCæSGñ7–ßp~ü`ÿ šÄ}µŸ“ÿ 9˜0¡'Ó´rˆý‚›©æÉŽË$`܇MÄZêÛuÂ(n‘.C¬‚üÙ^w:*BÌ×Vép`¨ÒÝá¹+bãÂ#¬©ÆöäP«™0ü’q¡?ï<N}Ÿ†¬ÆÅ…G®XÉ)ÐÌünÝä蔕•o_2öUɘ<þ‹±¨r.]˜»7¾ÔÙòÉ+± _ÃpoÇÝD±¢zýTYúÚ/¨½&Æ˹щ9þ *½õ»$Ñšþn
"Blob" definition
- Presentational, procedural, and descriptive (structural, semantic) markup (Wikipedia article on "Markup Language")
3. Some Problems of Modern Text Encoding
The Problem of OHCO - "Ordered Hierarchy of Content Objects"
The Problem of "Content" vs. "Format"